ABSTRACT
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most widespread disabling neurological condition in young adults around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of explicit information (EI) on motor-sequence learning in MS patients. Methods: Thirty patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), age: 29.5 (SD = 5.6) years and 30 healthy gender-, age-, and education-matched control group participants, age: 28.8 (SD = 6.0) years, were recruited for this study. The participants in the healthy group were then randomly assigned into an EI (n = 15) group and a no-EI (n = 15) group. Similarly, the participants in the control group were then randomly assigned into EI (n = 15) and no-EI (n = 15) groups. The participants performed a serial reaction time (SRT) task and reaction times. A retention test was performed after 48 hours. Results: All participants reduced their reaction times across acquisition (MS group: 46.4 (SD = 3.3) minutes, P < 0.001, and healthy group: 39.4 (SD = 3.3) minutes, P < 0.001). The findings for the within-participants effect of repeated measures of time were significant (F(5.06, 283.7) = 71.33. P < 0.001). These results indicate that the interaction between group and time was significant (F(5.06, 283.7) = 6.44. P < 0.001), which indicated that the reaction time in both groups was significantly changed between the MS and healthy groups across times (B1 to B10). The main effect of the group (MS and healthy) (F(1, 56) = 22.78. P < 0.001) and also the main effect of no-EI vs EI (F(1, 56) = 4.71. P < 0.001) were significant.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that that RRMS patients are capable of learning new skills, but the provision of EI prior to physical practice is deleterious to implicit learning. It is sufficient to educate MS patients on the aim and general content of the training and only to provide feedback at the end of the rehabilitative session.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction is a common cause of constipation. This dysfunction does not respond to current treatments of constipation. Thus, it is important to identify this type of dysfunction and the role of these muscles in constipation. The purpose of the present study was to review the previously published studies concerning the role of pelvic floor muscles dysfunction in constipation and related assessment methods
Methods: Articles were obtained by searching in several databases including, Elsevier, Science Direct, ProQuest, Google scholar, and PubMed. The keywords that were used were 'constipation,' 'functional constipation,' and 'pelvic floor dysfunction.' Inclusion criteria included articles that were published in English from 1980 to 2013. A total of 100 articles were obtained using the mentioned keywords that among them articles about constipation, its definition, types, methods of assessment, and diagnosis were reviewed. Of these articles, 12 articles were related to the assessment procedures and pelvic floor muscle function in constipation
Results: The overall outcome of the studies provided sufficient evidence indicating the role of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction in constipation
Conclusion: Therefore, attention to this cause is effective in recovery process of these patients. There isn't agreement to better assessment method. It seems that manometry is a good way in the medical field and palpation as an acceptable procedure can be used in rehabilitation field
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Kinesio taping on severity of pain, the power for taking hand, functional activity and we undertook a literature review to produce evidence-based recommendation for the use of Kinesio tape in patients with lateral epicondylitis
Methods: A literature search was done in google scholar, pubmed, science direct, proquest, medline, advanced google and pedro database. The following keywords were used: Kinesio tape, elastic tape, Taping technique? Pain, Grip strength, Lateral epicondylitis, and tennis elbow. The inclusion criteria were English and Persian articles which were published from 2000 to 2013 and articles which were case report were excluded
Results: 26 articles including randomized clinical trial, cohort study, case-control study and trial which included healthy population, patients, male and female at any age range were extracted. 11 articles had the inclusion criteria
Conclusion: Although Taping technique seems to an impressive effect on wrist extension? grip strength? function and pain in individuals with lateral epicondylitis, strong evidence to identify the underlying mechanisms is still not available
ABSTRACT
Due to the frequent use of surface electromyography as a tool for the study of muscle function, to accurately compare electromyographic data from different muscles and different subjects, it is necessary to normalize the integrated data obtained from each muscle. The most common normalization technique is the use of maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC] of a predetermined isometric movement as the reference electromyographic signal. The purpose of this study was to determine the Reproducibility of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of shoulder muscles in Empty Can position test and the correlation between force and MVIC of shoulder muscles. The electromyographic activity of these four muscles [anterior and middle deltoid, upper and lower trapezius] was examined in 20 healthy subjects [10 men and 10 women with 31.25 +/- 8.92 age]. Muscle force was determined by dynamometer. Each test repeated 3 times. Results showed that same day test retest reliability coefficients were significant [ICC>95%], but separate day test retest reliability coefficients were not significant. Maximum muscle force did not relate to any of muscles MVIC amplitude. Reproducibility results may be due to electrode placement, emotional and physical condition of subjects and the large range of motion of shoulder and compensatory movements of shoulder and trunk